Switzerland - The World Factbook (2024)

Switzerland - The World Factbook (1)

Switzerland - The World Factbook (2)

Switzerland - The World Factbook (3)

Switzerland - The World Factbook (4)

Introduction

Background

The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two World Wars.

Geography

Area

total: 41,277 sq km
land: 39,997 sq km
water: 1,280 sq km

Climate

temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers

Natural resources

hydropower potential, timber, salt

People and Society

Population

8,563,760 (2023 est.)

Ethnic groups

Swiss 69.2%, German 4.2%, Italian 3.2%, Portuguese 2.5%, French 2.1%, Kosovan 1.1%, Turkish 1%, other 16.7% (2020 est.)

Languages

German (or Swiss German) (official) 62.1%, French (official) 22.8%, Italian (official) 8%, English 5.7%, Portuguese 3.5%, Albanian 3.3%, Serbo-Croatian 2.3%, Spanish 2.3%, Romansh (official) 0.5%, other 7.9%; note - German, French, Italian, and Romansh are all national and official languages; shares sum to more than 100% because respondents could indicate more than one main language (2019 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 34.4%, Protestant 22.5%, other Christian 5.7%, Muslim 5.4%, other 1.5%, none 29.4%, unspecified 1.1% (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

0.78% (2023 est.)

Government

Government type

federal republic (formally a confederation)

Capital

name: Bern

Executive branch

chief of state: President of the Swiss Confederation Viola AMHERD (since 1 January 2024); Vice President Karin KELLER-SUTTER (since 1 January 2024); note - the Federal Council, comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate the 1-year term of federal president
head of government: President of the Swiss Confederation Viola AMHERD (since 1 January 2024); Vice President Karin KELLER-SUTTER (since 1 January 2024)

Legislative branch

description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblée Fédérale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of:
Council of States or Ständerat (in German), Conseil des États (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; members in two-seat constituencies representing cantons and single-seat constituencies representing half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote except Jura and Neuchatel cantons, which use list proportional representation vote; member term governed by cantonal law)
National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; 194 members in cantons directly elected by proportional representation vote and 6 in half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)

Economy

Economic overview

high-income, non-EU European economy; renowned banking and financial hub; extremely low unemployment; highly skilled but aging workforce; key pharmaceutical and precision manufacturing exporter; fairly high public debt

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$634.296 billion (2022 est.)
$618.413 billion (2021 est.)
$586.775 billion (2020 est.)

Real GDP per capita

$72,300 (2022 est.)
$71,000 (2021 est.)
$67,900 (2020 est.)

Agricultural products

milk, sugar beet, wheat, potatoes, pork, barley, apples, maize, beef, grapes

Industries

machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, insurance, pharmaceuticals

Exports

$627.54 billion (2022 est.)
$579.017 billion (2021 est.)
$474.042 billion (2020 est.)

Exports - partners

Germany 16%, United States 14%, United Kingdom 8%, China 7%, France 6%, India 6%, Italy 5% (2019)

Exports - commodities

gold, packaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, watches, jewelry (2019)

Imports

$518.451 billion (2022 est.)
$481.093 billion (2021 est.)
$429.875 billion (2020 est.)

Imports - partners

Germany 21%, Italy 8%, France 6%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 5%, United Arab Emirates 5% (2019)

Imports - commodities

gold, packaged medicines, jewelry, cars, medical cultures/vaccines (2019)

Exchange rates

Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
0.955 (2022 est.)
0.914 (2021 est.)
0.939 (2020 est.)
0.994 (2019 est.)
0.978 (2018 est.)

Page last updated: Tuesday, April 09, 2024

Switzerland - The World Factbook (5)

Switzerland - The World Factbook (6)

Switzerland - The World Factbook (2024)

FAQs

How big is Switzerland compared to a US state? ›

There is no state in the U.S. that comes close to Switzerland in terms of size. Switzerland is nearly the size of Vermont and New Hampshire combined.

What is the racial diversity of Switzerland? ›

Ethnic groups

Swiss 69.2%, German 4.2%, Italian 3.2%, Portuguese 2.5%, French 2.1%, Kosovan 1.1%, Turkish 1%, other 16.7% (2020 est.)

What is Switzerland famous for? ›

Switzerland is famous for its mountains, clocks and its food – especially cheese and chocolates. It's a fantastic place for winter sports. The British Royals love to snowboard in Klosters while skiing in Zermatt gives you fantastic views of the iconic Matterhorn mountain.

Is Switzerland a good place to live? ›

It's a wealthy country with a high standard of living and high wages, plus the Swiss landscape is unrivalled in its beauty. Many of the world's wealthiest people live, do business, and holiday in Switzerland, which makes it one of the best countries in the world for living.

What US state is equivalent to Switzerland? ›

Ouray, Colorado is known as "Little Switzerland." The Million Dollar Hwy from Ouray to Durango offers one of the most amazing mountain views you'll ever see!

What US state looks most like Switzerland? ›

Ouray, Colorado is the Switzerland of America.

Why is Switzerland so rich? ›

Industrialization and innovation

Switzerland is renowned for having a strong and varied export market. Pharmaceuticals, gems, chemicals, and machinery are the main contributors. Another key factor is Switzerland's focus on its own industries.

What is the crime rate in Switzerland? ›

Switzerland crime rate & statistics for 2022 was 0.00, a 100% decline from 2021. Switzerland crime rate & statistics for 2021 was 0.48, a 11.19% decline from 2020. Switzerland crime rate & statistics for 2020 was 0.54, a 1.44% increase from 2019.

How religious is Switzerland? ›

The majority of people living in Switzerland are Christians. 34.4 % are Roman Catholic, and 22.5 % Protestant. There are also many other religions represented in Switzerland: 5.4 % Muslim, 2.6 % Orthodox Christians, 0.5 % Buddhist, 0.2% Jewish.

What is typical Swiss food? ›

Some traditional Swiss dishes, such as fondue and raclette, are more typically eaten in the winter. Others, such as muesli – also known in Switzerland as Birchermüesli – and rösti are popular all year round and come in many variations.

What do the Swiss eat for breakfast? ›

If you're in Zurich, you can start your day with a classic Swiss breakfast consisting of fresh bread, croissants, and cheese. You can also try Birchermüesli, a popular Swiss breakfast dish made from oatmeal, yogurt, and fresh fruit.

What is the downside of living in Switzerland? ›

While there are numerous benefits to living in Switzerland, there are also some drawbacks to consider: High Cost of Living: As mentioned earlier, the cost of living in Switzerland is considerably high. This extends beyond just housing and includes groceries, dining, and general entertainment.

Is it cheaper to live in Switzerland than USA? ›

The example of Switzerland:

With a cost of living index of 123 all goods are on average about 23% more expensive than in the USA. But the average income in Switzerland of 7,958 USD is also 24% higher, which means that citizens can also afford more goods.

Is healthcare free in Switzerland? ›

Switzerland has universal health care, regulated by the Swiss Federal Law on Health Insurance. There are no free state-provided health services, but private health insurance is compulsory for all persons residing in Switzerland (within three months of taking up residence or being born in the country).

Is Colorado bigger than Switzerland? ›

Colorado Facts

The mountainous area of Colorado is six times the size of Switzerland and contains 9,600 miles of fishing streams, 2,850 lakes, and over 1,000 peaks that are at least two miles high. Colorado contains 75% of the land area of the United States with an altitude over 10,000 feet.

Is Switzerland a better place to live than the US? ›

Safety. Depending on where you live in the United States, you may sometimes worry about yourself or your loved ones' safety. On the other hand, Switzerland is known to be one of the safest countries in the world. In fact, the United States reports six times more murders per million people than Switzerland.

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